Metal-reducing machine.



B. M. W. HANSON.

METAL REDUCING MACHINE.

nruoumn mum 001?. 13, 1906.

Patented Apr. 19,1910.

15 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

m'tnessew 3.. M. w. HANSON.

METAL REDUCING MACHINE.

' APP LIOATIQH FILED 001. 13, 1906.

Patented Apr. 19,1910.

15 BHBBTS-BHEBT 2 Inumor: urJf'i rwan, warney B. M. W. HANSON.

v METAL REDUCING MACHINE.

' nrmouxox IILED-00T.1B,1906. 955,642 Patented Apr. 19, 1910.

15 IHEEIB-BHEET 8.

Fig. 3. 47

Inventor. 3.3!. mlfizm'on,

m'tn ewe: 1

I Bylaw B. M. w. HANSON. METAL REDUCING MACHINE. APPLICATION ITLED OUT. 13, 1908.

Patented Apr. 19,1910.

15 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

"- Fig.5.

I 11 11 wi 3 will? B. M. w. HANSON METAL REDUGIKG MACHINE. AIILIUATIQII FILED 00!. 13, 1806.

Patented Apr. 19, 1910.

- 15 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

. Fcg- Z Wit/laurea- In ale/afar.-

B. M. W. HANSON.

METAL REDUCING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED OUT. 13. 1906 Patented Apr. 19, 1910.

15 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

B. M. W. HANSON.

METAL REDUCING MACHINE.

' ,Arrmoulos FILED our. 13, 1906.

Patented Apr. 19, 1910.

15 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

16 sums-8112M 9.

Iflvenzor: ,B. 2!- Hanson, l in'a mrmr Patented Apr. 19,1910.

B. M. W. HANSON.

VMETAL REDUCING MACHINE.

APPLICATION TILED 001.13, 1906.

- Patented Apr; 19, 1910.

15 SHEETS-SHEET 10.

I11 uencor B. M. W. HANSON.

I METALREDECING MACHINE.

APPLICATION mum 0m. 1a, 1906.

Patented Apr. 19, 1910.

15 SHEETS-SHEET 11.

Ifdinarwar: I n vemfvr V ,B-ZCW li a 21 60, p g-W I www B. M. W. HANSON.

METAL REDUCING MACHINE.

APPLIOATIOK FILED OUT. 13, 1906.

Patented Apr. 19, 1916.

16 BHBETB-BHEBT 12.

B. M. W. HANSON.

METAL REDUCING MACHINE. APPLICATION rnnn OCT. 13, lane,

w a n 1 r mm m e a L M ATM p I A 1M "1 d u 1 1 w m t v a i m jv lllll ll, P .J m v V. y z

' B. M. w. HANSON.

' E r METAL REDUCING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED 0011s; 1906.

' 955,642,; Patented Apr. 19,1910.

16 SHEETS-BEBE]? 14.

Fag 21 f I I B. M. w. HANSON. I METAL REDUCING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION FILED OUT. 13, 1906.

[955,642, Patented Apr. 19,1910.

15 8EBBT8BKBET 16.

190m ##mvq Witnesses Inventor: 3k a 9'1? ,axnzfflz on, v a i I T all whom it may concern:

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BENGT M. N. HANSON. OF HARTFORD. CONNECTICUT. ASSIGNOR T0 PRATT & WHITNEY COMPANY, OF HARTFORD. CONNECTICUT. A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

METAL-REDUCIN G MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 19, 1910.

Application filed October 13, 1566. Serial No. 338,864.

Be itknmvu that I. llicxo'r M. \V. Haxsosya cit zen of Sweden. (having declared any intention of becoming a citizen of the lnited States) residing at Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Metal-Reducing Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to metal-redm-ing machines, and more particularlyto that elass of said machines employed for grinding rods, bars and shafts to true cylindrical form. although it is not limited in use to an} especial kind of rm 'ieiug-tool.

lleretofo-re, and as exemplified in my patent dated June th, 1903,- Number 7311M. atrial-reducing machines. have been invented in which what is known technically as a feeler is employed, said feeler continuously engaging the work, and controlling by suitable devices the movement of the rulueing-tool with relation to said work.

Primarily the object of the present in vention is a reducing machine involving improvements 0n the machine of the type de scribed, and one in which either true cylindrical Work, or work having a longitudinal taper. may be produced with preeisionixed accuracy.

In connection with the above the invention fnrt her relates toimprovements in feedmeehanisui controlled by the feelcr; to ill! proved means for adjusting the work supporting table, whereby the degree of taper desired may be readily determined; to varinus coat-ting ingredients in the gearing for traversing the work-support, the clutches aml eontmlling and arresting devices; and, generally speaking to the maehine as a uni tar v structure involving the eomhined elements necessary in carrying out the result to be aeeonipl'ishml.

In the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 is a front View of the improved machine.

Fig. 2- is a top view thereof. Fig. 3 re )re illustrates the carriage-operating mechanism. Fig. 9 represents a sectionon line 99 of Fig. 8. Fig. 10 is a section on line 1010 of Fig. 11 on an enlarged scale. Fig. 11 shows a horizontal section of the variable speed-changing mechanism, on line 11, 11 of Fig. 9. Fig. 12 is a front. view of the automatic carriage-reversing device. Fig. 13 represents, on an enlarged scale, a vertical section on line 1313 of Fig. 12. Fig. 14 is a front view of the mechanism. for feeding the reducing-wheel-slide. Fig. 15 is a horizontal section thereof on line 15- Fig. 14. Fig. 16, shows a transverse sect ion of the device for electrically-controlling the feeding-medianism,on line 16, 16 of Fig. 1. Figs. l7 and 18 represent certain connections for the electrical controlling-device. Fig. 19 shows a fractional to view of one end of the carriage platen. Fig. 20 is asection on line 20, 20 of Fig. 19. Fig. 21 is a diagrammatic view of a scale used in connection with the machine, and indicating the deflection of the table relative to a certain length thereof. Fig. 22 illustrates the manner in which the scale graduations are obtained, the drawing illustrating the scale very much enlarged relative to its distance from the pivot-center.

Like numerals designate similar parts throughout the several views.

A type of the class of grinding-machine selected for exemplifying the application of the improvement herein described. is shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and a general description of the same will first. be given, and then more detailed explanations of the various parts constituting features of the improvemen: will be set forth.

Referring to the drawings, the "hollow base of the machine is indicated by 31, and on the extended top of said base are formed ways 32 for the support and reciprocatory travel of a carriage 33.

Pivoted at 34 to the middle of the carriage 33 is a platen 35 with ways 36 upon which are adjustably mounted a head-stock 3'? and a tail-stock 38 clamped in a T-slot 39 by' usual bolts operated by hand-levers 40 and 41.

Designated generallv by S is a sizin device supported on the ways 36, and a justahle to any position between the head and tail-stocks, and to be hereinafter described.

An inner lateral extension 43 extends along the length of the platen and supports n: curved shield or guard-plate 44 which extition 48 disposed between a pair of tends the entire length of the machine and forced to llow beneath the partition 49 and then rise and flow over the top of the parti; tion 48 before reaching the clear well 44 of the tank 47. The two tank sections thus established are provided with drain-pipes 5-1, 51', respectively. The wall of the clean well 47' is provided with an OPODIH" 0'2 (see Fig. 4) disposed at some distance rom the bottom, and communicates with a passage 53, formed In a channel block 04, and

- counecting'with the chamber of a pumpcasing 55 from which the water is forced through a discharge or circulating-pipe :36, to the grinding-wheel. The pump-mechanism is preferably of the centrifugal type (see Fig. 5) and comprises a blade-wheel 57 mounted on a shaft 58 which is ournaled in a stuffing-box 5t) and a bearing 60 provided on the pump-casing 55, and which carries a drivingpulley 61 to which power may be imparted from any convenient source.

The mechanism for imparting a reciproeatery movement to the cirriagc 33, above mentioned, may be operated either by hand i or b." Power, in which latter case the mechanism includes means for varying the speed of travel of the carriage, and also means for automatically reversing the movement thereof whenever said carriage has reached the end of its movement in either direction at the option of the operator. Considering at first the power-actuating mechanism, and referring to Figs. 2, 8, 9. 10 and 11, it will be seen that at the rear of the machine there is a shaft 65 having a pulley (36 which may be driven by a belt in any suitable manner. This shaft is journaled near its driving end in the all of a rearward extension (37 of the base 1, and it is supported at its other secured to the shaft (35. is a series of gears 71. T2. "(3, which are in constant engageat approximately the same speed as the driving-shaft (i5. Loosely mounted on the shaft are a panof bevel inions Sl-82, which are prevented from slicing away from 'each other by the bearings 83, 84, respectively, in which the shaft 80 is journaled; while a sleeve serves to preserve both of the pinions in proper mesh with a bevelgcar 86 having a tubular hub 87 journaled m a bearing 88 of the casing 70. When either of the pinions 81, 82 is connected with the shaft 80 it will be evident, that the bevelgear 86 will be positively rotated, either in one direction or the other, according to the particular pinion employed. The sleeve 85 is keyed on the shaft 80, and carries on its outer surface a clutch-barrel 90 adapted for longitudinal shifting movement on said sleeve, and rotatable therewith on account of the key connection 91. Both ends of the clutch barrel are provided with clutch-teeth 9'2, 93, respectively, for engaging corresponding teeth on the hubs of the pinions 81, 82 (see Fig. 9), as the barrel 90 is shifted either to the right or to the left by a fork carrying shoes SN) within the circumferential groove 97 of the barrel. The fork 95 is pivoted on a stud 98 of the casing 70, and is provided with an arm 99 the free end of which is bifurcated to receive a block 100 which in turn is pivoted on a stud 101 held in a (wank-arm 102 which is rigidly secured on a shaft 103. This shaft extends toward the front of the machine and is journaled at thatend in a bearing 104. which constitutes a part of a plate 105 upon which the mechanism for autonuitically reversing the movement of the carriage is mounted.

Again referring to the bevel-gear 86 see Figs. 8 and 11) it will be seen that its hub 87 has a spline connection 106 with a short shaft, 107, the particular function of which is to provide a shoulder 108 for holding the gear-hub 87 in proper position within the bearing 88, and which also permits the employment of a high-grade steel arbor in combination with a cast gear, an advantage which will be'apparent when it is desired to provide at the outer end of such arbor a series of clutch-teeth 109. As illustrated in Fig. 11, the arbor-may be securely held in the hub 87 by a nut 110. Adapted for comeat with gears H. 75, 76, respectively, 5 these latter gears however l)tlll normally operation, and in alinement with the arbor 101i: a tubular shaft 111 carrying at its inner end a clutch collar 112 which rotates with said shaft. and is mounted for longi tudinal sliding movement thereon, as for instance,--b v a pin 113 passing .diaiuetric ally through said collar 112, through the oppositely-disposed slots 114 in the end of the tubular shaft 111, and also through a rod 115, disposedv within said shaft 111, which latter has a pinion 11 3 in engagement with a gear 117 journaled on a stud 118' in the base 31, and the hub of which carries a rackpinion 119 inengagenient with the rack 120 secured to a downwardly-projecting web 121 of the carriage 33.

From the foregoing description it will be understood that when theclntch collar 112 is pushed into engagement with the clutchteeth 109 of the gear-arbor'lOT, the table or carriage 33 may be run by power in either direction by shifting the clutch-barrel 90 into engagement with either one or the other of the pinions31-82.

In the drawings the shafts 107 and 111 are shown as being disconnected, so that in the present instance, the carriage 33 may be moved by hand,asfollowszLoosely mounted on the outer end of the tubular shaft 111 is a hand-wheel 122, the hub of which rests with one end against the flanged bearing 123 (which also supports said shaft 111),

and the other end of which rests against a washer 121 and nut 125, thus preventing any shifting movement of the hand-wheel on the. shaft 111. In order to establish a 00- action between the hand-wheel and the tubular shaft for the purpose of enabling the operator to move the carriage in either direction by hand, means are provided for connecting the hand-wheel with the primary driving member or catriage-actuating shaft 111, and at the same time to disconnect this shaft 111 from the power-actuated mechanism, so that the operator need'notexpend his energ in operating machineelements which are of no use in that instance, as for example, the arbor 107, bevelgear S6 and the pmions R1 and 82; As a matter of fact, in View of the provision of the clutch-collar 112 and teeth 101), it is entirely innnaterial whether either of the bevel-pinions is in clutch with the barrel 9t) and consequently under the control of the. driving-shaft 65.

The means for connecting the haml-whcel 122 tothe shaft 111, are clearly shown in Fig. 8, and preferably consist of a dog or key 126 dis'xised within a slot 127 of the rod 115, and pivoted at 128. The free end of the key 12 projects and plays through a slot 129 in the tubular shaft 111, so that in this manner both the rod 115 and shaft 111 are caused to be rotated together, while. on the other hand, the rod 115 may be shifted longitudinally (to cause an engagement of the clutch-members 109, 112) without affecting the shaft 111.

The inner surface of the handwheel-hub is provided with a series of notches 130 adapted to be engaged by the dog 126, which is thus operated by a spring-:wtuated plunger 131 in the rod 115 so that, when the hamlwheel is rotated. the tubular shaft 111 and the rod 11.) are likewise rotated, thus actuating the gear 117 and consequently moving the carriage 33.

When it is now desired to throw the power-niechanism, a longitudinal 7 push against the button end 115' of the rod' 115 will bring the cllatch-members 112 109 into engagement, and at the same time, the free or locking endof the dog 126' will be carried beyond the hub of the hand-wheel 122 and into a clearance space 132 within the bearing 123, thus disconnecting the handwheel from the shaft 111. It. will be noted that the dog 126 has an inclined face 133, to

facilitate its reengagement with the notches 130, whenever the rod 115 is pulled outward to disconnect the mwer-niechanism.

As above stated the power-actuated mechanism for operating the carriage 33 comprises a variable or speed-changing device,

of which the gears 71, 72, 73 on shaft (35,

and the gears 71, 75, 76 on shaft. 80 are members. In order to enable the operator to select and couple either one of the gears 71, 75, 71'), to the shaft 80, 1 preferably employ means such as are illustrated in Figs. 9, 10 and 11 of the drawings. Referring at first to Fig. 5 it will be. seen that the shaft 81) is journaled in lmshing-bearings$14134 which i of the hub of the gear 74. Consequently,

the latter is in this instance firmly locked against rotation relative to .the shaft 80. \Vhen'it is desired to connect the gear 75 to the shaft 50, it. will become necessary first to disconnect the gear 74, and this is accomplished through the intervention of a washer 142 having rounded inner edges to act upon the inclined front face H21 of the dog 137 when the latter is carried from right to left by a corresponding sliding movunent on the part of the rod 135, a rear incline. 141 being provided on the dog 137 to throw the latter inward during the reverse movement of said rod. As soon as the free end of the dog 13? has passed from under the washer 14:5, the plunger 139 will again throw the dog outward, and into one of a series of notches 145 of the next gear 75. The change from this gear to the last one, 76, of the series may be cfi'ecied in a like manner by virtue. of a washer 146, and the notches 147 in the gear 76. The rod 135 is moved toward the right or left by a pinion 150, in engagement with 1 at its front end a lever 153, see Fig. 1 which is provided with a spring-actuated lockingpin 154 adapted to enter any one of a series of three recesses 15:: on a stationary segmental plate 156, the location of said recesses being such as to gage the peripheral travel of the pinion 150 to shift the rod 135 sullicicntly to bring the dog 13? into proper engagement with the desired gear.

The mechanism just described will enable the operator to move the carriage by power at any one of the three speeds within the capacity of the machine, and it should be understood that the ratios as well as the number of such speeds may be modified as desired without in any way altering the gist of the invention.

While it is evident that the direction of movement of the carriage is under the direct control of the operator, by virtue of the two-face clutch barrel 90, above mentioned,

and also the shaft 103, whereby the clutch fork 95 is shifted to run the carriage either to the right or to the left, I deem it advanta goons to provide means whereby the movement of the carriage may be automatically reversed by and upon its arrival at a predetermined point. To accomplish this result, the front end of the clutch-actuator 103 carries an arm 160 which is indirectly acted upon by a pair of dogs 161, 162, each of which may be secured to the front edge of the carriage 33, and at any desired point longitudinally thereof, as, for instance, by a handle-nut 163 cu aging a bolt 164, the head of which is isposed within a T-slot 33, of well known construction (see Fig.

13). The dogs 161, 162 are adapted, during the travel of the carriage 33, to strike againstthe upper end of a stud 165, mounted for a slight longitudinal movement in a barrel 166, which is pivoted at 167 on the plate 105 previously mentioned, and may have an oscillatory movement as limited by screws 168, 169 held on said late. The gravitative tendency of the star 165 is enhanoed by a spring 169 which serves to bring the lower double beveled end 170 into forcible contact with the o positcly-beveled end of a latch 171 rising 30m a plate 172, pivoted at 173 on the bifurcated arm 160 and held in normally-ccntral position relalive thereto by a pair of sprin actuated plungcl's 175', 175 (see Fig. 12'. These yielding plunger-s have for their particular object to minimize the effect of the jar or sho k 'llh'll naturally results from the striking contact of either of the dogs 161, 162 against the end of the stud 165 when the carriage is under way, or in other words to avoid the vibration which would be caused by a dead blow, when the several arts are contacting directly. The clutch-actuating shaft 103 is as a matter of fact a rock-shaft, and is on account of the stud 16:), either in its right or left-band position, the throw in either direction being limited by adjustable screws 174 carried by the plate 105. This circumstance entails the engagement of either one end or the other of the clutch-barrel 90 with its adjacent bevel-pinion, so that, therefore, the provision of means for disconnecting the powcr-mcchanism from the carriage-driving-gear, either to stop the movement of the latter entirely, or to operate the same by the hand-mechanism, becomes a matter of necessity in addition to that of the convenience previously mentioned. I

In order to avoid confusion or misunderstanding it may be stated here, that while Figs. 12 and 14 show the several outer elements of the automatic reversing mechanism ina proper working position, the inner elements of this mechanism shown in Figs. 9 and 11, are represented in their central, or passing position in order lmtter to distinguish between some of the adjacent parts.

That the clutch-barrel 90, or more properl speaking, its rock-shaft 103, is securely 10c ed against accidental displacement, may be clearly seen in Figs. 12 and 14 inasmuch as the spring 169 of the stud 170, forces the latter against the latch 171 in a wedgelike manner, and the entire reverse mechanism is definitely positioned by virtue of the stops or limiting screws 168 and 174.

From the foregoing description it will be obvious that in the present machine, the work to be finished is traversed back and forth in front of the reducin or grindingwheel, and that the path of this travel is unchangeable by virtue of the movement of the carriage 33 on the fixed ways 32 of the bed or base 31. In order to permit the approach of the grinding-wheel toward the work, and also to compensate for the wear of this wheel during the grinding operation, the wheelsupporting arbor is mounted in bearings on a slide which is movable transversely of the base 31, and on the rearward extension 67 above referred to, and this slide may be moved toward the work by two distinct mechanisms, both of which have some elements in common, and which enable the operator to feed the wheel either by hand entirely, or to render the feed an automatic one, and so that a comparatively coarse feed may be established at first and until the work has been ground to very nearly its desired size, and the feed is then reduced to micrometrical feeding distances to complete the reduction of the work to the exaet ret' with ut att ntion of the "berator. it being understood. ot' eomzw. that. the tinal V or 1ini-hiltg feed of the wheel i-' entirely lzearings 1 1.

htopped aut-nnatit-allv as soon as the work habeen around to ita tinir-hed (lion-twain.

"the eneral organization of the mechaniam l'or aupporting the redueingorgrindingwheel is illustrated in Figs. 1. 2. (i and T, in whi l: iii, denot the reducingorgriudingwheel. nhich iat-lamped upon a holder lit, by a collar 17?. The holder lit) is secured upon an arbor ITS journaled itt suitable bearings 17% and having a pulley 150, whete by tharbor may be driven from any convenient source. The bearings 17. are -arried in brackets 181 mounted for lateral adjustment relative to swivel-bloeks 182 secured on the slide 183 by bolts 181. The slide 183 is mounted for movement on ways 15.") at the top of the rearward extension (37. previously ret'erred to, and is actuated by a mechanism clearly .shown in Fig. 7. and compriaing a feed-screw 1M3 jonrnaled n ar its outer end in a bearing and engaging a nut 1S8 secured to the under side of the slide 183. .\t in outer end the t'eed-serew l-Sti carries a. pinion 185) which is driven (through an inteinudiate gear 1M1 on a stud 11 1) from a pinion 11 secured upon the rear end of a ll;11E "vt1' ti \-tli-|it) ttl hat't 12 jourualed in B5. and having at its front end a hand-wheel 1H6. whereby the ope 'ator is enabled to eontrol the position of the wheel-t-ar1 vin;, slide 183 at pleasure, all baeltlash between the feed-screw lh'tl and the slidwu'nt. 1158 being taken up by a weight 197 suspended at the end of flexible band 15 \\l11t'll pames-over an idler 1119 and is attached to the rear end of the elide 183, as at 1 .Xs above stated the reducing or grindingwheel 1??) may be autonnttically fed during and by the movement of theearriage, and .1 deem it advantageous to organize the mechanism for accomplishing this result, in such a manner that the feeding operation takea plaeat the end of the carriage travel in one direction only. in going from left to right, the position of the carriage in Fig. 14 being that )tt'llll'illg on the point. of starting the l'eetl-lnechanism by the act ion of the dog 1131, to reverse the arriage travel, and as follows: Referring to Fig. 12. it will be. seen thatv the barr l 1131; of the reversing mechanism is provided with an extension 201) whieh has segmental teeth 201 in engagement with a pinion 202 mounted upon a stud 1, on the front. plate 1 and carrying a crank-arm 201 (see Figs. 11 and 1.3) the end of which i connected by a link 2113 with an arm ott which constitutes one of the anlotaatie l'etl-eleinent-. This arm 2m; i loosel m unttd t'or owiliation upon the. outer c '.-'liudri a .-url'aeo of a hearing bracket 3 1T eeured to the front face of the. base 31. and carries a pawl 23", iivoted at gun on said arm zlttt and normally foreed by a .-pring 211)) into engagement with the teeth of the ratelu-t-wheel Z211. secured upon a spindle :21) which i. iournaled in the bearing ."17 above mentioned. The. pilnlle :12 upports at its rear end a pinion 213. in eomtant engagement with ageal' 'Jtt en the feetLsIiat't 19; and adapted to b loelu-d to or dist-t-mnected from the spindle 212. an a to enable the operator to throw the automatic feeding-[metalnism into or out of action. The 1U UL'll;ll11 1tl for conneeting and diseontu-eting the spindle and pinion is cleat'l shown in Fig. 1-3, in which the spindle 21; is illu-trated as having a head .213 provided with an aperture ".216 for receiving a sprit'ig-zn-tualed lockingplunger 217 which is adapted to enter a rece.--s 218 in the interior surl'a e of the. hub :13 of the pinion 21 1. While this plunger :17 normally tends to seat itself in the reeess 21S and thus loek the shaft or spindle 112 and the pinion 21 1, this act-ion may be prevented by a lidable rod 21'. deposed within the spindle 212 and having its rear end pass ing through a blnl 220 in the plunger. and which when pu hed inward, will raiae the plunger out of the rece z 21*. it being evident that when the rod 215) is pulled outward by the butt n end 2:21.. the plunger may again .-eat itself within aid recess by virtue of the reduced portion 222 in the rear end of the rod.

From the foregoing description it will be understood the automatic reversal of the earriage movement entails the feed movement of the grinding-wh el toward the work, and, inasmuch as the oscillatory movement of the e'ank-arm 304 will alvays be the same, it may he interred that the angular movement of the pawlarm 206 would likewise be invitriable, and tints feed a certain number of teeth each time, a circumstance which i.= 0bjectionable, in view of the fart that the amount of the feed required, changes considerably aeeording to the material of the work, and the grade of the grindingovhed used. Consequently the pawl-aetuating mechanism is so organized that the operator is enabled to retluee the feed to one itlt'llcltooth if necessary, and this result is attained by providing in the end of the link 205. a slot 223.111? such length as to permit the pawl-arm 906 to be maintained in a suttieientlv forward position. that its forward movement, as caused by the link, will not exeeed one tootha spare. This position is in the present instance obtainable by a stop screw 22-1. held in a lug 2:25 of the Front plate 226. and engaging a projecting ear :22? of the pawl-carrier .5013. and i! is evident. that the more the pawl-arm 20!; is' raised by the aerew 2:31, the-1055 will be the number 

